I am building a dog kennel that is L-16 X W-8 X H-6 in preparation of getting a new lab. I have never made a concrete pad and need some pointers.
- I want to make this pad slope away form my house for rain runoff and wash down reasons and am not quite sure how to do this. My guess is that you just need to grade the ground and make sure the mold is sloped too and the concrete will do the rest?
- What kind of prep do you need to do to the ground surface? The kennel is going to be next to our house. The area was covered in 3 inches of marble sized stones. I scraped away the stones to bare earth (covered by black material to keep the weeds in check in the stone). Do you pour the concrete on bare earth or do I need to put some type of material down first? (I hope not, but will do if I need to)
- For a dog kennel, how thick should the pad be? Seems like the standard 4 inches thick is overkill? Should I go 3 inches or perhaps 2 inches?
- Lets say I am building a 4 inch pad and I use 2x4 for the mold. Do I just fill up the mold with concrete, let stand, brush to texture ? (I will also use spacers for expansion too). Now lets say I am making a 3 inch pad, do I still use 2x4 and not fill all the way, or do I get wood that is 3 inches high? (still using spacers).
- Anybody pour concrete for a living? Perhaps I should just have it done professionally?
- More questions to follow...
Thanks for the help! Jim
If the kennel dimensions are going to be 16' X 8' I would suggest pouring the slab slightly larger (17' X 8.5' minimum, 18' X 9' is what I would do) so you can bolt the kennnel down using expansion bolts without blowing out the edges of the concrete. I would use expansion bolts rather than sleeves because if the sleeves are even slightly in the wrong place or get moved or get tilted when you are pouring or finishing the concrete you are going to be very unhappy and frusterated later when you go to set up the kennel, plus if you (or a future owner) ever decide you want to use the slab for something other than a kennel, it is a lot easer to take out an patch a few bolt holes than it is get rid of the sleeves.
If you are going to hose it off I would slope the pad at 1/4 inch per foot away from the house... 9' X .25" = approximatly 2" lower on the side away from the house.
For subgrade I would suggest placing a minimum 4" of compacted crushed rock under the slab. If you are in central oregon where the ground freezes deeper I would increase that to 1' of crushed rock. This is for frost protection so when the ground freezes inthe winter it doesnt lift or tilt the slab which will happen sooner or later if you pour the concrete directly on the dirt. I would also place a section of 3" ABS conduit in the subgrade under the slab alongside the house for future use if you or a future owner ever needs to run a new phone line or cable line or low voltage wire or whatever under the slab at some point. If you dont ever use it, no big deal... but if you need it you will be glad its there.
Overall a standard 4" thick slab is really 3.5" thick (the width of a 2X4) and that would be appropriate for this application. That is the minimum thickness where the concrete can generally support itself without cracking. For this application I would increase the thickness to 6" wherever you are going to drill bolts into the slab. I would forgo the rebar mat or wire mesh because they really dont do anything for you in this application, but i would use microfiber (poured in place) reinforcement because you will have a lot of exposed edges that will hold up better and be less subject to spall or chip when you hit them with the lawnmower or whatever. I would also dowel the slab to your foundation using 24" #4 dowels at 2' on center. You can get these at Home Depoe or just get a stick of #4 bar and cut your own. If any dimension of the slab exceeds 12' you do need a control joint. For a 18' X 9' slab you would want one control joint down the middle, dividing the overall area into 2 slabs that are 9' X 9' each. I would probably use zip strip in this application because there will only be a very small hairline crack visible on the surface and it will be easier to hose off without collecting nasties in the crack like I imagine a trowel cut radiused edge joint would.
Setup is easy, just use a 2X4 for the formwork. Stake every 2' and put a couple extra stakes at the edges of the form and the corners. Go drive a couple new local subdivisions that are currently under construction and look for some flatwork that is setup but not poured for examples of how to do this. Remember to build the proper slope into your forms.
Finishing is the hardest part of the job, to do it right you need a jitterbug, a float, a trowel and a edger. All are tools you can rent. After screeding (leveling) the concrete, you need to use the jitterbug to (a tool with an expansion mesh plate that you use to push the aggragate down) bring up the cream in the concrete. (The cream is what you finish and what gives an extra hard wearing surface) After bringing up the cream you need to float the concrete to get an even surface, trowel it and edge it to get a smooth surface and rounded edges, and then run a light broom over it to get the texture you want. Remember that how fast you need to do all this depends on the specific concrete mix you use (I would recomend a 3000 PSI, 3/4" aggragate, air entrained mix) the temprature of the day you pour, the amount of time the concrete has been in the ready mix truck, and if you have to wheelbarrow it or pump it to where you want it. The longer the concrete sits in the truck or the warmer the day the faster you have to finish it and the harder it will be to work it.
I might sugggest finding a finisher on a job somewhere and asking them if they or someone they know might want to make some cash for helping you finish concrete on a Saturday... for $100 bucks you can probably get a guy to come out to your house for a half day and help you finish the concrete. Hispanic finishers generally love doing cash jobs on weekends.
A 9' X 18' slab figures 2.025 cubic yards of concrete, most suppliers have a 3 cubic yard minimum, but its better to have a little extra than run short and have to order a cleanup and have a cold joint in your slab. Figure paying around $100 bucks a yard retail in the Portland area right now, plus about $50 bucks for a short load charge, plus another $50 bucks if the supply truck can not wash out on your property and has to do an 'offsite cleanup'... as in wash out the truck back at their batch plant.
Hope that is helpful!!
- Brad